Choose artificial light sources and illuminate fixtures, improve lighting quality, use appropriate lighting methods, and design lighting points for various buildings.
1 Proverbs A remarkable feature of human labor is that it not only adapts to the environment, but also transforms the environment to meet its own production, work and life needs according to its own wishes and assumptions. Lighting design currently has two main meanings, one is functional lighting and the other is artistic lighting. The former mainly considers the functional aspects to meet the lighting requirements; the latter mainly focuses on the artistic environment to meet different modeling and decoration requirements, to achieve the role of beautifying the environment and coordinating space. Due to the differences and influences in the advancement of science and technology, natural conditions, lifestyle, cultural quality, and hobbies, the same design goals will inevitably lead to different patterns. This involves designers learning and research in environmental science, sociology, psychology, aesthetics, ergonomics, and so on.
The task of indoor environmental lighting design is to comprehensively use the technical means and artistic means and modern science and technology rules and aesthetic principles according to the basic purpose of the design, fully grasp the various factors of the design environment object, make full use of favorable conditions, and actively exert creative thinking. To create an indoor lighting environment that meets the physical and functional requirements of production, work and living, and meets people's physiological and psychological requirements.
2 Factors affecting the indoor light environment and the principles of environmental lighting treatment The indoor environmental atmosphere is mainly affected by two factors, construction and lighting. If there is no building factor, the artistic effect of the light cannot be clarified; if there is no lighting factor, it cannot reflect the beauty of the building itself. Architectural factors include the scale of the building, the function of the room, the interior decoration, the furnishings, the texture and color of the furniture materials, etc. They provide the basic conditions for creating an indoor atmosphere and are fundamentally influential factors. Lighting factors include lighting methods, type of light source, form of lighting, art processing techniques, etc. These factors provide sufficient conditions for creating an indoor atmosphere. Understanding these two influencing factors and rationally applying changes in various factors can create a variety of indoor atmospheres.
The design of building scale, room function, interior decoration, furnishings, furniture, etc. all belong to the category of interior design and are factors that affect the indoor atmosphere. However, the most influential indoor atmosphere is the facing material. The veneer material has the properties of texture, texture, color, etc. It is rich in artistic expression and will affect the indoor atmosphere to a large extent.
In addition, the lights also have characteristics such as reflection, transmission, refraction and projection. When the characteristics of the light are combined with the nature of the facing material, the two interact and adjust to create an elegant, luxurious, simple, lively and diverse indoor atmosphere. In addition, the lighting method also largely affects the indoor atmosphere. For example, general lighting in a room usually controls the atmosphere of the entire indoor space. This is because it has a very close relationship with the indoor shape, the lighting scheme, the lighting of the lamps, the lighting art techniques, etc., and plays an overall role in the overall design and coordination of the lighting design. Partial illumination or partitioned general illumination not only can meet the lighting requirements of local places, but also can compensate or coordinate the general illumination of the room. As a result, the brightness distribution of the indoor space can be balanced to create a light and dark atmosphere. The key lighting is similar to the local lighting. It emphasizes specific spaces or objects with lights, and creates a very bright atmosphere in these specific spaces or objects.
In order to better meet the requirements of proper illumination, reasonable distribution of brightness, good directionality of light, color coordination (coordination with architectural color), safety and reliability of lighting equipment and economical aesthetics, indoor environmental lighting should meet the following principles: comprehensive consideration of lamps Various factors. When artistically processing a luminaire, it is necessary to fully consider the interaction of various factors such as its light characteristics, light distribution, decorative color, material texture, components, combination, and shape.
The use of lighting should be targeted. It is best to have a division of labor for the entire ambient lighting and key object lighting. The task of ambient lighting is to have uniform illumination throughout the room; the emphasis is on highlighting art deco or an object that requires attention.
Also consider the artistic effects of day and night, especially after the lights are turned on at night. The luminaire is not only used at night, it is also part of the architectural decoration during the day. Therefore, the design should consider how to associate with other decorations in the daytime to form a whole.
Combine art lighting forms with architectural use requirements. In a room, different activities may be required, requiring different lighting conditions, especially in some exhibition buildings. Different exhibits require different lighting methods, and they should be skillfully combined to create a good atmosphere.
The traditional art form of lighting should be adapted to the conditions of modern lighting technology. Architectural art lighting has its own characteristics and individuality. On the basis of inheriting the traditional art form of Chinese lamps, combined with the new light source and new materials of modern lighting technology, it should create new lamps with national characteristics, local characteristics and the atmosphere of the times.
3 Reasonable choice of artificial light source and arrangement of lamps The choice of artificial light source affects the light art effect, so it is an important part of lighting design. When selecting a light source, it should be fully considered according to the room function, lighting mode, lamp form and required ambient atmosphere, so that the most suitable light source can be selected to control the light environment of the whole room. In the indoor space, the position, direction and projection angle of the light source are used to create a light and shadow effect on the person and the object, thereby forming a three-dimensional feeling. It is also possible to use the light intensity, color and color rendering of the light source to create a colorful ambient atmosphere in the interior space, to express the artistic effect of the light, or to use the combination of the light source and the light fixture to enable the two to exert their respective expressive powers. Thereby enhancing the artistic effect of the light.
In the interior design, the luminaire can make the light distribution reasonable, limit the occurrence of glare, improve the utilization of the light source, and provide the function of providing illumination and beautifying the environment. This is because the luminaire controls the characteristics of the light and the beautiful shape can play an artistic effect. Since the luminaire can add value to the interior space, the luminaire becomes an important part of the interior design, and the correct arrangement of the luminaire is decisive for the lighting effect. The arrangement of the luminaires depends on the design of the reasonable lighting method. The layout is varied, such as centralized, decentralized, accented, lining, single, combined, fixed, mobile, etc., and sometimes required for general lighting, sometimes required for accent lighting, Therefore, in the arrangement, the lighting function must first be satisfied; the second is to satisfy the decorative effect, which truly reflects the combination of practicality and decoration. It is necessary to consider the specific conditions of the lighting function requirements, and adapt to local conditions, and do not insist on uniformity. The luminaire should maximize the effectiveness of the light, ensure the effective use of light energy, make the distribution of light reasonable, improve the utilization of the light source, and prevent or limit glare, thus creating a comfortable light environment. The form of the luminaire is a striking artistic image in the interior space, which is immediately perceived in a very short period of time, so it must be aesthetically pleasing to show the decorative effect. As interior design tends to be modern, new luminaires should be designed or selected according to design requirements. Pay special attention to the form of the lamps should not be too complicated, and the variety and specifications should not be too much to adapt to the modern trend. In addition, the determination of the scale of the luminaire is very important, and should maintain a proper ratio with the dimensions of the interior space, building components and accessories and other decorations, otherwise the scale and proportion of the indoor space will be out of balance. Similarly, the surface finish of the luminaire and the surface treatment of the ceiling should be contrasted, such as smooth and rough, bright and dim, high-definition color and low-light color. The material of the luminaire should exhibit texture, color and high precision craftsmanship.
4 Improve the lighting quality of a good, comfortable light environment, is achieved by high-quality lighting effects, and high-quality lighting effects must be the illumination, brightness, glare, shadow, color rendering, stability in the illuminated environment Such factors can be achieved by comprehensive and correct processing. On the basis of meeting the general lighting function, the indoor environment lighting emphasizes the artistic effect of the lighting on the setting atmosphere. To express the theme, the colors must be coordinated while avoiding glare. Therefore, there are specialities in the requirements of illuminance, brightness distribution, light direction and light color.
Ample illumination. In some buildings, many architectural decoration treatments have been made, and people often concentrate on watching and creating conditions. At the same time, the entire building space also needs to create a cheerful and bright atmosphere, which requires full illumination, but the level of illumination should be determined according to its specific environment, and does not require uniform illumination.
Comfortable brightness distribution. The brightness distribution of the built environment is an important factor affecting people's visual comfort. Brightness gives a sense of generosity, while faintness appears narrow. From the perspective of adapting to the habits of the human eye, it is best to adopt a brightness distribution close to the natural environment. The natural world is often a bright sky and a darker ground, so the ceiling can be treated slightly brighter indoors.
Glare problem. In general lighting, the brightness contrast is too large, otherwise it will affect the visibility, but in art lighting, a certain brightness contrast is often used to achieve the purpose of emphasis. A beautiful and entertaining art fixture, often a compelling viewing object. In order to achieve gorgeous and vivid flickering effects, some lustrous materials, such as crystal glass and gold-plated iron parts, are often used in art lamps to produce high brightness. Although visually affected, the viewing psychology is satisfied. However, it should be noted that the brightness contrast should not be too large, otherwise it will produce glare and affect the viewing.
The direction of the light. Using different directions of light to form different shadows can produce a completely different viewing image. Thanks to the ingenious combination of light and shadow, the vivid outline of the architectural and architectural components is fully demonstrated, which will give people a sense of sculpture and enrich the expressive power of architectural art.
Tonal fit. The spectral composition of artificial light and natural light is different, and thus the color development effect is also different. If the light color and space color of the light do not match, it will destroy the indoor art effect, resulting in an unsuitable atmosphere. For example, in a room decorated with yellow and red, use cool white fluorescent lighting, because this light is emitted. The blue and blue light components will make the bright red and yellow a dark tone, which will destroy the warm and gorgeous feeling. If you switch to an incandescent lamp that emits more red light, it will have the opposite effect, making the red and yellow decorations look more vivid and warmer.
5 other art processing techniques of lighting In the lighting design, the lighting method and the architectural designing techniques are closely combined and integrated into a variety of layouts and artistic treatments, which not only satisfy the use function of the room, but also have decorative effects. In this way, the relationship between lighting and interior design is the main content of creating lighting art, which plays a role in guiding the overall design of lighting. The art processing techniques of lighting methods are various. For example, according to the use function of the room, the size of the space, the quality level of the decoration, etc., the artistic processing techniques of the lighting method can be determined, and the lighting method can be determined according to the actual needs of the indoor space. Through the various techniques such as strength and weakness, light and dark, and looming, different lighting art effects are created. You can also use the color and color of the light to match the color of the object, create a warm color in the indoor space, showing the intimate and warm effect; you can also create a cool color, showing a refreshing, cool effect.
In addition, by using the color and color rendering of the light source, you can create a variety of color effects. In the large space, the artistic treatment of the light can create a relatively small space with a relatively independent atmosphere. The small space defined by building components and fittings, furnishings, and furniture can create a large space through the connection and coordination of lights, but still maintain the original independence and privacy of the small space. Or in the indoor space, the highlighted part should be treated with key lighting, which not only improves the visibility of this part, but also creates a bright and clear light environment. According to the use of indoor space, such as dance halls, karaoke karaoke rooms, etc., special lighting treatment is often required. In this case, the hall often uses artistic lighting, and allows the lights to flicker or retain a little glare to create a lively atmosphere and achieve a combination of light, sound and color. In short, in the interior space, the effect of lighting art is to create the atmosphere of the design requirements. In order to meet the specific use functions of the indoor space, it is necessary to use the lighting art technique suitable for it.
The art of lighting is based on lighting technology. In addition to the use of photometric elements such as luminous flux, illumination, height, etc., some artistic techniques such as flow and stillness, contrast (brightness contrast, light contrast, light color) are also used. Contrast) and assimilation, emphasis and control (lighting up), level and peace, concealment and Luming, in order to gain rich artistic appeal, and finally achieve the artistic effect of lighting. Moreover, closely related to architectural lighting, lasers are used to gain artistic appeal in dance halls, karaoke karaoke rooms, or in film and television lighting. The concept of a laser is that when particles in atoms of certain substances are excited by light or electricity, they will transition from low-level atoms to high-energy atoms. Since the number of high-energy electrons is larger than the number of low-level atoms, once transitioning from a high-energy level to a low-energy level, the same light, such as phase, frequency, and direction, is emitted, and its color purity is extremely high, energy and emission direction. Also very concentrated. Blue, cyan, and green lasers are typically used with argon-ion lasers, and yellow, orange, and red lasers are used with dye lasers, which are used in film and television lighting or in recreational architectural lighting.
It should be pointed out that the art of lighting not only has to exert artistic effects in itself, but also closely cooperates with other categories in the art field to create a comprehensive artistic effect. Related art categories include architecture, sculpture, music, drama, dance, film, television, etc. It is the artistic effect of lighting that enriches their artistic expression and appeal and enhances artistic value.
6 Lighting design points of various buildings According to the nature of the building and the functional requirements, the design projects can be broadly divided into two categories: one is residential, which is dominant to meet people's living needs; the other is public. The architecture category is dominated by people's colorful social life activities. No matter which type, although they are more types, each has the same or similar indoor space requirements in terms of function. The lighting design points are as follows: For rooms mainly used for living, entertainment and social activities, Artistic effects and lighting comfort are the main design directions.
For the office and study, in order to improve visibility and conserve energy, the lights should be concentrated on the work area.
In the drawing room and typing room, the lamps can be arranged in an asymmetrical manner, and the light mainly comes from the left front direction.
In the sales halls of shops, stores, and display merchandise, the main task of lighting is to attract the attention of customers to display merchandise.
The exhibition window can be used to enhance the artistic effect of lighting, publicize the goods and beautify the environment by partially strengthening the lights, coloring the lights or changing the colors (color lights) regularly.
In museums and art galleries, an important requirement for lighting is to obtain correct color renderings for exhibits such as pictures, textiles and other precious historical relics, and to pay attention to the full-featured appearance of the exhibits (with sidelights) At the same time, attention should be paid to the protection of exhibits to prevent deterioration of the color of some exhibits due to prolonged or intense light radiation (radiation protection).
In the gymnasium, high-efficiency mixed light sources should be fully utilized, and full attention should be paid to improving vertical illumination (especially diving boards, etc.).
For fodders, stairs, walkways, etc., lighting is primarily a guiding function and guarantees safety. The vertical illumination of these places is more important (but not greater) than horizontal illumination.
There are many examples of art processing techniques for building ambient lighting that can be used for a comprehensive set of considerations in terms of layout, efficacy, form, scale, and materials. They are used primarily for large buildings and demanding buildings.
P is a traditional ethnic form of art lighting, such as lanterns (in good form). Its characteristics are based on the traditional artistic lamps and lanterns created by the working people of our country in the past. After the reform and the organic combination with the interior, the lighting scheme is designed with strong artistic decoration and strong national color. For example, it is used in Beijing National Culture Palace, Beijing Agricultural Exhibition Hall, Great Hall of the People (partial), Beijing Railway Station (good effect).
P senior luxury lighting-based treatment. It is characterized by rich and luxurious, elegant and elegant, with strong new ideas and sense of the times. Mainly refers to chandeliers, such as for hotels, big restaurants, high-end hotels, etc.
P uses a simple and uniform style of lighting to form a regular pattern of processing. Its characteristics are easy to install, giving people a sense of neatness, simplicity, simplicity, generosity and beauty, often more fascinating than the art lighting lighting scheme, easy to make.
P Construction method for large area lighting.
7 Conclusion Any perfect building must be completed by the professional design of architecture, electricity, water, HVAC, etc. As far as the relationship between the various professional designs is concerned, there is a relationship between the master and the slave. The professional design of electricity, plumbing and ventilation must actively create creative thinking around the architectural design, and jointly complete and improve the design of a building, but each professional design has its own independence, it is impossible to replace it by other professional design. of. In terms of the relationship and function of indoor environmental lighting design and architectural design, it should be a further enrichment and proper integration of architectural design, that is, to play the role of “finishing the finishing touchâ€. Designers must have a wealth of knowledge and skills, a high degree of artistic accomplishment and the ability to solve practical problems in order to make the lighting design scientific, comfortable and artistic. For other professional designs, it should play a role in coordination and coordination.
Only in this way can we jointly create a beautiful, comfortable and harmonious indoor environment that meets the material and spiritual needs of people.
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