Only a few decades ago, ParaÃba’s “young youth†quickly gained a foothold in the gem world, and became the king of the tourmaline. The collection value has increased and its reputation has been growing. The origin of Paraiba, Brazil is the world's leading jewelry center, and the fiery World Cup can not cover the light of this Brazilian treasure.
璀璨碧玺 has a long history
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Brazil has been rich in gemstones since ancient times, and its rich mineral resources have attracted a batch of prospectives. In 1981, a Brazilian gemstone miner named HeitorDimas Barbosa did not know where to come from, and he believed that the unknown gems were buried in the hills of Paraiba, Brazil. He began to dig holes from an abandoned mine, but there was no result. He continued to dig for five years and finally found the possibility of the existence of tourmaline in some caves. Until 1989, in the MinadaBatalha mine in the village of Batalha, Sao Josede, ParaÃba, Brazil, an unusually bright crystal was discovered by the explorers – weighing 10.5 grams, with extremely high levels of copper and manganese, and a very rare bright color. Regrettably, HeitorDimas Barbosa himself was unable to go to the mining area to witness the outbreak of the original stone because of the disease. The original stone was sold before he witnessed it. If he could see the brilliance of this tourmaline, he would be glad that he had been for many years. Perseverance.
As a result of excavation from Paraiba, this stunning tourmaline was named "ParaÃba Tourmaline". At the Tucson Gem Show in the second year, Paraiba Tourmaline made its debut, and the price soared nearly 10 times in just four days. This kind of tourmaline is difficult to excavate, the crystal is very small, the mining risk is extremely high, and the price has always been high. The high market price has led more and more prospectors to go to the Paraiba hill to dig treasure. After a few years, the pit has been dug clean. And no ParaÃba tourmaline output. Despite this, today's gem lovers will definitely go to the Paraiba hills as long as they go to Brazil. I hope that luck will bring back one or two treasures.
Bixi has the idea of ​​investing in collectible value and has only become popular in China in recent years. In fact, as early as in ancient times, tourmalines were quite popular among collectors. The term "Bixi" first appeared in the Qing Dynasty classic "Shiya". In the later historical documents, it can also be called "ç ’Selenium, tourmaline, Bixiaxi, and broken evil gold". In the Qing Dynasty, the tourmaline was the favorite of Empress Dowager Cixi. It is said that in her funeral objects, there was a piece of tourmaline lotus ornaments weighing 36 and 8 money and a pillow made of watermelon tourmaline, worth 750,000 two silver. In addition, the gemstones worn on the official hats of the first and second officials were also tourmalines.
Why is Paraiba Tourmaline so expensive?
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The quality of Paraiba tourmaline is very rare and the price is close to diamonds. At the end of 1989, the gem exploration team led by Heitor and Barbosa discovered a blue-green tourmaline containing copper in the province of Paraiba in northeastern Brazil. Its color is very bright and can shine with neon light. This caused a sensation in the gemstone circle at the time. In 2000, new veins of this beautiful blue-green tourmaline were discovered in Mozambique and Nigeria. In 2007, the prestigious LMHC (Laboratory Manual Harmonization Committee) officially named the tourmaline, which contains copper in Brazil, Mozambique and Nigeria, as ParaÃba Tourmaline.
According to this point of view, the place of production is not limited to the province of Paraiba in Brazil. As long as the tourmaline contains a certain amount of copper, it can be called Paraiba tourmaline. However, some collectors now only recognize the copper tourmaline produced in the ParaÃba region of Brazil as Paraiba. However, what makes them feel embarrassed is that at present, several major gemological laboratories in the world cannot provide the origin of tourmaline. In the existing gemstone certificate, the identification of tourmaline does not distinguish the origin, so even ParaÃba tourmaline from Paraiba may be purchased from other places.
The world's dozens of carats of output per month have to face fragmentation. The founder's rough stone is almost incomplete. The small pieces of the original stone are often only a few grams, which is why even the real ParaÃba tourmaline on the market. Usually only 0.1 to 0.5 carats, but still can sell the price of the sky. Therefore, I can see a blue-tone Paraiba tourmaline of 5 carats or more, but it is something to celebrate and be grateful for.
How to identify Paraiba
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Colors and elements Paraiba are usually blue-green, saturated in color and light in color, but not all blue-green tourmalines are called Paraiba. Is it the ParaÃba that contains copper? According to the definition of LMHC, the world's most authoritative appraisal agency, a blue (electro-optic blue, neon blue, purple blue), blue-green, green-blue or green tourmaline containing copper and manganese, regardless of where the origin is, It can be called Paraiba Tourmaline.
In the flashlight market, different gem materials or gems and glass are mixed in the market to pretend ParaÃba, but Paraiba is a tourmaline with unique electro-optic, which cannot be simulated by counterfeit goods.
The instrument can be used to determine the refractive index value of tourmaline using a refractometer. The refractive index of Paraiba is between 1.62-1.64 and the birefringence is 0.018. Other optimized treatment methods include heat treatment, dyeing, filling, irradiation and film treatment.
There are many foreign appraisal institutions in the professional appraisal institutions, and the evaluation standards are different. For example, some laboratories believe that only the copper-containing tourmaline produced in the ParaÃba region of Brazil is ParaÃba tourmaline, and some laboratories believe that copper-containing The tourmaline is all Paraiba tourmaline. The difference in results and ratings of the same product in different laboratories is likely to be large. At present, the most authoritative color gem identification institution in the world is GubelinGemLaboratory Swiss Gemberg Laboratory, which has a high reputation for the gemstone jewelry with the ancient Berlin certificate.
How to read the Gullenberg certificate
For those who don't know much about professional gemstones, a professional certificate is the most assured guarantee. When buying the Paraiba bismu jewellery, how can the Guberal Certificate, which is full of ridiculous words and professional vocabulary, be used effectively?
TIPS: GubelinGemLaboratory Swiss Gutenberg Gem Lab
One of the most famous gemological laboratories in the world, its origins can be traced back to the early 20th century. By the 1960s, Christie's and Sotheby's had demanded Gutenberg's gem identification certificate for their important gemstones at the auction. At present, Gutenberg Gem Lab provides gem identification, optimized method testing, diamond grading, pearl analysis and identification, and the prestigious gem origin identification for each royal family, famous auction house, gem merchant, jewellery retailer and high-end private clients.
Considerations for investing in tourmaline
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It is preferred that the high-quality tourmaline of the faceted tourmaline will be cut into a facet with priority, and its price is generally higher than that of the plain (curved) tourmaline. However, this view is not absolute. The dichroism of some tourmalines is obvious. If you cut it into an oval shape, the color on both sides of the oval will be significantly darker. However, most of the tourmalines are cut by an elliptical shape, which gives the lighter tourmaline a special effect of two or more colors.
The tourmaline is usually worth more than ten carats, with uniform color, good clarity and fancy brilliant cuts.
Tourmaline's optimized processing is rare in the market for synthetic tourmalines, but it is often color-optimized to fill the tourmaline. This kind of tourmaline can be quickly identified under fluorescent light. When there is no fluorescent light, it can be observed whether it has a distinct gray tone. Such tourmalines are common on curved gemstones, beads and carvings, and faceted tourmalines with relatively good clarity are rare.
Internal stress and thermal expansion of tourmaline If you invest in a collection of rough stones that have not been cut, you must consider the internal stress and thermal expansion of the tourmaline. Tourmaline has a high thermal sensitivity, and special attention should be paid to temperature control when cutting and setting jewelry. At the same time, tourmaline is prone to have more residual internal stress, and it should first release its internal stress before cutting the rough stone, especially pay attention to temperature control during the cementing process.
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