Bronze wares are found all over the world and are a symbol of world civilization. The earliest bronzes appeared in the two river basins of Babylon, 6000 years ago. The large bronze knives carved with the image of a lion during the Sumerian civilization were the representatives of the early bronzes. Bronze was gradually replaced by ironware more than 2,000 years ago. China's bronzes are exquisitely crafted and enjoy high reputation and artistic value in the world's bronzes, representing the superb technology and culture of China's 4,000 years of bronze development.
Bronze making process:
1. Fan Casting: Fan Casting, also known as die casting, first molds in mud, sculptures of various patterns and inscriptions, and then burns them to make them into master molds, then mold them with mother molds, and then dry them in the same way. Cheng Taofan, melting the alloy, pouring the alloy into the pottery cavity of the pottery vane, after the vane, after cleaning and grinding, it is the finished bronze. According to the physical objects excavated from the ancient bronze workshops, combined with the shape analysis of bronzes, experts believe that most of the ancient Chinese bronzes were made using paradigm casting methods.
2. Lost wax method: The lost wax method is a precision casting method for metal objects such as bronze. The practice is to use beeswax to make a model of the casting, and then fill the core with a different refractory material and apply it to the outside. After heating and baking, the wax mold is completely melted and lost, so that the entire casting model becomes an empty shell. The solution is poured into the inside and cast into an object. The utensils can be exquisitely cut and have a hollowing effect. The bronze statue and plate unearthed from the tomb of Zenghou Yi in Sui County, Hubei Province is the earliest lost wax casting in China.
In the late Spring and Autumn Period, the Chinese may have invented the lost wax casting process. The process of losing wax method is divided into three steps. Firstly, a wax mold is made of easily melted paraffin, and the wax mold is repeatedly poured with a fine mud to harden it to form a cast shape. Then, the cast is baked and pottery. During this process, the paraffin melts out and forms a cavity in the mold. Finally, copper water is poured into the cavity to make an object. The lost wax method is usually used to cast bronzes with very complicated shapes. The Chu ban, which was unearthed in Luanchuan, Henan, and Zenghouzun, which was unearthed in Suizhou, Hubei, are considered to have been cast by lost wax.
3. Casting method: The casting method of one-time casting and forming of the utensil is called the casting method. If the shape is too large or the shape is too complicated, it is necessary to divide the whole object into several pieces and cast them into a whole. The casting method is called a split casting method. When casting a plurality of smaller objects, a plurality of casting molds are stacked together, a copper water is poured from one gate, and a plurality of objects are cast at a time. This process is called a stack casting method. The superposition method is mostly used for casting small objects such as coins, which appeared in the Spring and Autumn Period and became popular in the Han Dynasty.
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