The chemical processing of textiles, also known as wet processing or dyeing and finishing, is an extremely important processing step for making textiles a commodity acceptable to consumers. The appearance, feel and performance of chemically processed textiles have undergone tremendous changes. Therefore, it has the attractiveness of beauty. In these chemical processing processes, finishing processing, also called finishing, is the most important processing process for making products with attractive appeal. A beautiful fabric dyed and printed is often due to It can't attract consumers without proper finishing; a fabric that looks unpopular can be made into an attractive product through proper finishing.
The wet processing technology of textiles is updated frequently. From the perspective of international development, creative new processes originating from market demand have been researched and developed in almost every age. For example, the hot spot in the 1960s is the dimensional stability of natural fiber fabrics; In the 1970s, the development of flame retardant finishing was rapid. In addition to the changes in the demand for wet processing in the 1990s, in addition to the changes in demand for fiber, yarn, fabric, garment manufacturing and the market, it is also important to derive environmental protection requirements. It has become and will continue to be a major driver of new changes in the wet processing process. Therefore, the hotspots of the 1990s are processing methods that are conducive to ecological protection and energy conservation, as well as to the rapid response to market demand. The main international dynamics in chemical processing.
I. Conducive to environmental protection and energy conservation 1. Development and development of processing equipment: - Equipment that not only saves energy but also reduces pollution. Although it has not been widely used, it is still a publicity hot spot. - Provide a kind of strict control of the processing process. Parts, suitable for every process from the grey fabric to the finished product, help to save costs, ensure quality, reduce emissions. This is a more economical method. - The level of electronic technology has reached almost detection, correction and control Every process parameter of all processing. Another important issue to consider is the processing equipment. The equipment must be both machine and electricity to quickly and correctly feed information back to the computer. (1) Washing
In order to obtain high-quality finishing products, sufficient washing after pre-treatment, dyeing or printing is necessary, so the amount of wet processing water is large, resulting in high energy consumption and heavy waste water treatment. It is estimated that the energy consumption of textile wet processing is about the entire textile. 70% of the industry. Therefore, people have been searching for more efficient washing machines with the same cleaning effect as the original equipment for many years. In recent years, there have been developed flat-panel low-bath dyeing and washing machines. Some have the characteristics of low cost and environmental protection. The development of knitted fabrics has promoted the development of such washing machines. The use of vacuum technology on a flat continuous water washing machine is encouraging. If vacuum dewatering is carried out before drying, energy savings can be as high as 60%. Efficient and low cost, less waste water is a feature of this type of equipment. There is also the advantage of a small footprint. TVE in Atlanta, South Carolina, and E-VAC in Spartanburg, USA, have pioneered the use of such vacuum technology equipment. (2) drying
The tenter for finishing the car is very different from that of 25 to 30 years ago. Since the heat source is changed, higher temperature processing is possible, so it can be used for various purposes, such as heat setting, resin finishing baking, etc. . In today's situation, fast is the goal. Marshall & Williams Co.'s newly developed tenter has been able to process sheets and other wide fabrics at high speed and speed, up to 200 rpm. However, the web temperature of the wide fabric is not easy to be uniform unless the speed is slowed down. The chain is driven by a separate AC or DC motor. The chain drive uses oil-free ball bearings to avoid oil stains. Control the left and right chain speed correction weft. Oblique, the cloth roller can be used to align the bow. There is a monitoring system to control various process parameters and faults such as dislocation, weft, bow and weft. Vacuum technology is currently being used to remove excess moisture and chemicals and reused in the application of tenter to achieve energy savings during drying, minimize chemical migration and adequate penetration into the fabric. The application prospects are determined by the creativity of chemists and engineers. In addition, the use of vacuum technology in continuous water washing machines to remove unfixed reactive dyes has been studied. The effect is good. The problem of fastness and the number of flat wash cells after dyeing or printing. 2. New processes that will emerge in the next few years.
Decolorization of dyeing and printing wastewater (recommended in this regard will be established). Indigo dyeing machine removes and reuses indigo from wastewater. For the above purposes, the proposed pathways and new processes under study are:
(1) Technology such as ultrafiltration, membrane separation, and molecular filtration.
(2) The use of boiler flue gas to neutralize spent lye, the effect is to save chemicals and remove CO2 from the flue gas.
(3) Use low bath ratio jet dyeing, cheese dyeing, minimize water and chemicals, save energy and save time.
(4) Dyeing in supercritical CO2 medium.
This method was first used in the study of polyester dyeing. Although it is still in the development stage, a processing method with very high possibility is attracting great attention. The gas exceeds the critical point at high pressure and high temperature and is called supercritical fluid. In the supercritical state system, the low viscosity of the fluid and the higher diffusion properties of the dissolved matter determine that the system is suitable for dyeing processing.
The dye was tested by placing the fabric in a high pressure container with the dye at the bottom of the container. After being closed, the CO2 gas is introduced, heated to the working temperature (such as 130 ° C), and the CO 2 is pressed under isothermal conditions until the selected working pressure (for example, 250 bars) is reached. The disperse dye is automatically decomposed and dyed. After the dyeing is completed, Pressing, CO2 turns into a gas to escape, to get a dry dyed fabric.
Silicone Lip seal/oil seal is a self-sealing ring, it relies on the lip and close to the surface of the sealing coupling, obstructing the leakage channel to obtain the sealing effect. The working pressure of the lip seal is the sum of the pre-pressing force and the fluid pressure. When the pressure of the sealing medium is increased, the lip is distracted and more closely fit with the sealing surface, so that the sealing performance be enhanced further. In addition, the lip edge also has the scraping oil function which also enhance the sealing performance of the seal.
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