The original site of the Jinuo Museum was the Qufu-Tianma Site, which was already famous in the 1990s. Since the 1950s, I have explored, researched, and excavated. After more than 50 years of efforts by the Peking University Archaeology, the Shanxi Provincial Cultural Relics Bureau, and the Provincial Archaeological Institute, a total of 19 groups of 19 early Jin countries were discovered from the Ququ Village-Tianma Site. More than 12,000 pieces of precious cultural relics were unearthed in the tombs of Jinhou and his wife. Many of them were inscribed with inscriptions on the bronzes. Archaeologists sorted out the order of the Jinhou in the early Western Zhou Dynasty, determined the beginning of the Jin Dynasty, and filled the Jin Dynasty. The gap between the early years of the country and the historical facts.
Many precious bronzes, jade articles and primitive porcelains were unearthed in the Jinhou cemetery. They are famous for their beautiful bronzes and jade articles such as Jin Hou, Zhong Zun, Rabbit Zun, Pig Zun and Jade Group. Many of them are known by the State Administration of Cultural Relics. Listed as cultural relics that are prohibited from exhibiting abroad. From the beginning of the establishment of the Shanxi Museum, Bird Zun is the treasure of the town. The Jinhou bell, also unearthed from the Jinhou cemetery, has more historical research value. There are 16 Jinhou bells, 14 of which are the treasures of the Shanghai Museum and the other two are in the Shanxi Museum.
Jin Hou
Jinhou's bell is another important bronze ware unearthed from the Jinhou cemetery. It was named after the unearthed in the tomb of Jinhou, the seventh generation of Jinhou. It is currently a prohibited cultural relic of China. Jin Hou's clock is a set of percussion instruments. The whole set consists of 16 pieces, with 355 words on the inscription, which are engraved on the 16 pieces of chime.
The complete set of chimes is divided into two groups, each of which is 8 pieces, a total of 16 pieces, 14 of which have been stolen, and then bought back at the Shanghai Museum for high prices. Currently, they are hidden in the Shanghai Museum, and the other two are unearthed and collected in the Shanxi Museum. The first set of chimes is a large clock with a light and thin pattern. The second group is a small clock with a deep and wide pattern. The big clock is 52 cm high and the small height is 22 cm. All are cuckoo clocks. In terms of styling, there are also subtle differences between the two groups. Archaeologists believe that the two sets of chimes are not cast at the same time, but the temperament is very harmonious. The inscription on the bell is carved into a sharp tool. The turning point of the stroke must be divided into four or five knives or even five or six knives. The scribes can be connected together. The knives are still very obvious today. This is especially true on the bronzes found in the Western Zhou Dynasty. Rare. More importantly, after the rust removal treatment, the text on the 16 pieces of chimes can be continuous. 355 words of inscription in detail
In the late Western Zhou Dynasty, Zhou Liwang was thirty-three years old. Jin Hou was worshipped by the king to condemn Shandong’s contempt, and he was awarded the first prize, winning the victory, Zhou Wang’s work, and two awards to reward the history of Jinhou. These are not recorded in the history of archaeological history in China. This is also the first inscription that appeared on the Western Zhou Dynasty artifacts nearly 3,000 years ago. After the discovery of the bell, the experts had arranged bronze tools of different hardness to sculpt the words on the bronze, which ended in failure. This shows that as early as the Western Zhou Dynasty, Jin people have already created a hard tool like steel to engrave on bronze. This is a valuable piece of information to rewrite the history of metallurgy in China.
In December 1992, the Shanghai Museum discovered these 14 chimes in the Hong Kong antiques market, and immediately recovered at a high price. After the archaeological excavation of Shanxi Jinhou Tomb, two remaining small bells were discovered, the same shape as the 14 pieces recovered by the Shanghai Museum.
At present, a set of Jin Hou's chime bells exhibited at the Jin National Museum is a replica that is completely copied according to the size of the original. However, the staff still knocked out a complete "Jasmine" with a chime, the sound is clear and distant, as if it were The sound is average.
The jin pot (pi) has a height of 68.8 cm, a mouth length of 18 cm, a mouth width of 22.8 cm, and a belly width of 35.2 cm. In 1992, it was unearthed at M8, Jinhou Cemetery, Bei Zhao Village, Quwo County. Sheng wine, is necked down pot belly oval square pot made of the same type are also found in the cellars Meixian Zhou bronze, but the cap are different. The mouth and lid joint of this pot is different from the ordinary pot. From the shape, the lid seems to be the same as the pot lid inserted in the common sub-port. In fact, the pot mouth is opened in the surrounding curved curved crown. The cover is a flat cover with a mountain-shaped hollow to catch the hand. The ears are like a head shape, and the long nose that is raised is made into a dragon shape of a curved body, and each ring in the ear is set. The cover is decorated with the body of the tongue, the tongue is entangled, the mouth and the foot are decorated with the animal's cross pattern, the neck is decorated with a wave pattern, the waist is horizontally scaly, and the abdomen is dominated by a rounded double dragon head, supplemented by A dragon with multiple bodies intersecting. The overall shape is chic and majestic, and the decoration is gorgeous and smooth. Inscribed in the cover, 4 lines and 26 words, remember Jin Houchen Jin as this pot, used to sacrifice his grandfather.
plate
Unearthed in the tomb of Jin Muhou in the Jinhou cemetery. The square lip, narrow folding edge, shallow abdomen, circle foot, animal face flow tube mouth, oval shape, two fine dragon horns are built on the upper part of the mouth, and there are three dragon heads in the disk. A bronze frog was cast in the center. There are 4 lines and 24 characters of inscriptions under the frog. There is a circle of moiré around the inside of the frog. There is a circle of protruding fish on the outside, which is beautifully cast. A phoenix bird pattern is decorated along the mouth, and the foot is decorated with oblique foot moiré. The device is made up of four naked human figures, and the characters are symmetrical, and they are struggling to lift objects. Two copper bells are hung at the bottom of the device. The position of the copper bell is relatively hidden and generally difficult to find, so the copper bell may be used for theft prevention. The disc is unique in shape and is a boutique in bronze.
Long ear human foot box
Unearthed in the tomb of Mrs. Jin Muhou's wife, this utensil is a rectangular box with two small covers that can be opened at the top, one of which is covered with a tiger-shaped button. Each side of the square box climbs a large dragon ear that looks back and tongues, and the four sides have a curved ridge. The square box is shaped like a four-person sitting squat, with the back of each other's box, the back of the hands, and the hand to carry the weight. The cover is decorated with two dragon stripes, and there are arrow-shaped geometric patterns around the cover. The wall of the box is deformed by the body pattern, and the bottom is a wave pattern. The body is covered with green rust and mercury, and it is variegated and radiant, witnessing the vicissitudes of history.
Bird respect
The bird is 39 cm tall, 30.5 cm long and 17.5 cm wide. The whole bird respects the phoenix bird as the main shape, the head is slightly angling, the round eyes stare, and the high crown is upright. The bird is full and the wings are rolled up. On the back of the phoenix bird, a small bird quietly and closely, and became the catcher on the bird's hood. Under the phoenix tail, there is a elephant head, the elephant trunk is rolled up, and the legs form a stable three-point support, and the whole body is covered with ornamentation. The phoenix bird's neck, abdomen and back are decorated with feather patterns. The wings and legs are decorated with moiré. The wings and the cover are decorated with feather lines. The lining is embossed with a thunder and the tail is decorated with gorgeous feathers. From the characteristics of the structural proportion of the device type, the shape of the body cannot be balanced with the shape of the overall shape and the characteristics of the phoenix bird. According to this calculation, the time is a little earlier in the Western Zhou Dynasty.
The bird was unearthed in the No. 114 tomb of the Jinhou cemetery. During the excavation, the staff found that the tomb had stolen holes. Some of the cultural relics had been stolen. Due to the use of blasting by the thieves, the surviving birds were severely damaged when they were unearthed. It is the incompleteness of the tail of the bird. The expert of cultural relics repair of Peking University analyzes the elephant trunk like the first curve, and forms a stable three-point support with the legs, and repairs them in turn. In order to respect history, there is no design ornament on the restored elephant trunk.
This bird statue is a high-special ritual ritual owned by the uncle of the uncle of the Tang Dynasty. The bird is a totem of the Jin Dynasty in the Western Zhou Dynasty. It is a god that connects people and gods. "Zhou Li Chun Guan Si Zun Yi" records that there are so-called "six six hexagrams" in the ancient ritual rituals. Birds are one of them. The inside of the bird's cover and the bottom of the abdomen are inscribed with the inscription "Jinhou ä¹ ä¹ å¤ª 太 太 太 å½ å½ å½ , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , 。 。. Intention to the king of the Jin Dynasty made a treasure to worship the gods. The perfect combination of the most popular Xiao-shaped decorations in the Western Zhou Dynasty, the birds and the elephants are realistic and vivid, the design is peculiar, ingenious, and the decoration is exquisite and luxurious. It is a rare treasure in Chinese bronze art.
Rabbit statue
The rabbit has a height of 22.2 cm and a length of 31.8 cm. It was unearthed in the No. 8 tomb of the Quwo Jinhou cemetery in 1992. It consists of two pieces. The shape and texture are the same, the only one is small. The unique shape and vivid image are the masterpieces of the bronze culture of Jin Dynasty. The rabbit is the first, and it is also the first case in China's bronzes.
The rabbit statue is vivid, the rabbit is braided, the forelimbs are grounded, and the hind legs are bent, just like one of the moments before the jump. The ears are close together, the rabbit's abdomen is hollow, and the shape of the horn is raised on the back. There is a low rectangular base under the foot. The back has a circular rectangular mouth and is covered with a cover that is seamless with the rabbit body. Shape button. The sides of the rabbit are decorated with rounded fire patterns, four-eyed thunder and four lines of thunder.
Jade man
It is 6.3 cm high. It was unearthed in M63, Jinhou Cemetery, Beizha Village, Quwo County in 1993. The jade is yellowish brown. Round sculpture, standing. The hair part is carved with jasper, which can be separated from the body. There is a small perforation on the top of the head. The hair hangs down neatly around the head, and the hair is in the same shape. The human figure on the box of the dragon ear that is unearthed from the tomb is also combed. There is a small squat to the neck, a brow eyebrow eye, a wide nose and a flat mouth, a convex auricle, and a pendant. The collar is shoulder-length, short-legged on the right side, and engraved with a triangular pattern. The symmetrical circle pattern on the chest, the waist, the arms drooping, the lower end is slightly trapezoidal, and the jade has a perforation up and down.
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