With its dense and solid nature, the ancient jade carries the ancient Chinese art and culture essence, and it has been passed down to the present. The unearthed ancient jade is even more dusty, and it has been isolated from the world for hundreds or even thousands of years. In the process, it was subjected to various kinds of material erosion and formed various ochre, magnificent and fantastic. As a symbol of time baptism, it was highly praised by the majority of jade and jade people.
In recent years, with the gradual boom in the jade collection market, the situation of “pseudo-Jadeware†is very common. Many folk workshops have racked their brains and used various artificial methods to forge a variety of colors in a short period of time. For a time in the collection market, the good and the bad, the fish eyes mixed. This has largely destroyed the enthusiasm of people collecting ancient jade.
According to the survey, the common pseudo-materials on the market include jade, dushan jade, nephrite, quartzite, marble, turquoise, and glass. Among them, jade and nephrite are the most common. Common colors are yellow, red, white, black, green, and floral. The first three are the most common. The darker color is mostly jade, and the lighter color is mostly jade (such as: nephrite).
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I. Discussion on various twilight features and pseudo-methods
Huang Wei
Yellow cockroaches are more common in the pseudo-jade market, and can be further subdivided into two types, the scorpion and the scorpion scorpion. The soil is mostly mixed with clay, and its surface is earthy luster. Therefore, the soil floats on the surface and can be removed by soaking in water. In order to make the bandits transition naturally, white-yellow-green jade material is often used. Due to the wear at the edges and ridges, the jade is often opened and there is no soil. In order to enhance the sense of oldness and aggravate the scorpion, it is often combined with artificial disability, which is severely damaged by broken fractures and pupils.
Most of the scutellariae are caused by soaking and dyeing in dyes such as ebony water or KMnO4. In order to make the color firm, the billet is usually heated and then immersed in the dye to make the color break into the jade, so the table will have quenching cracks; some will have obvious grease luster, and the grease at the pit will adhere to the dust. It is fried from colored oil (oil, etc.).
Chalk
In order to achieve the whitening effect, the surface jade structure is loosened and the transparency is lost by means of acid etching and heating. The surface of the acid-etched jade is mostly mottled, without a patina, showing a dull earthy luster. The heated jade is mostly full, and there are fine cracks in magnified observation. If heated in an oxidizing environment, the green jade will be slightly reddened.
Red dragonfly (cinnabar)
The red dragonfly is brightly colored and has a large difference in color from the jade itself, so it tends to "re-etch" or "re-color" in the case of fake. "Re-etching" means that the jade is dried up by acid etching or fire before the fake, and the texture is mottled, and the dyeing is firm, the color is broken into the texture, and the transition is natural. “Heavy color†is for the color that is too brightly colored. In order to avoid the difference between color and jade, the overall coating method is often used to cover the body color. For example, the fake jujube red is mostly full.
Second, the fake jade color features
1. The use of oil or dip-dyed as a fake ancient jade, its ochre often has no transitional level, distributed in a sheet. In order to partially obscure it, it is often necessary to use a "window" method to immerse or coat the surface of the jade to achieve partial erosion. For jade articles faked by this method, the affected part and the untouched part may exhibit a mutated color or texture, which can be used as a marker for identification. In the case of true ancient jade, the exposed part and the rest will show a gradual tendency under transmitted light.
2. Part of the fake jade used is the original stone sarcophagus of the old pit, or the color of the jade skin. For this kind of fake jade, pay attention to screening. It looks like the real thing is natural, but the husk of the ancient jade is often rougher than the skin formed by the natural weathering process, and the form of expression is more remarkable.
3. There are also some fake jade articles using impurity minerals in the original stone, as well as veins to fake the dyed material. For example, the white spot of Xiuyan jade is used to fake the "rice-like" white spot formed by the calcification of the ancient jade; the metal veins of the original stone or the black veins are used to forge metal or mercury. There are no transitions in the veins, and the boundaries are obvious and easy to identify; but the combination of impurity minerals and rough stones requires careful screening.
Third, the identification points
Look at the fracture: the ancient jade's holes, plaques and corrosion breaks are mostly naturally eroded, so there is no sharp sharp corners, the scratches are bladeless, and the hand feels comfortable and natural. The new jade often uses sniper and other methods to pretend to be pupils and plaques, often broken at the broken place, sharp and sharp, and tied.
Look at the material: Ming Gaojun, "Yan Xianqing, 笺··························································································· Such as the formula, the pseudo-chaotic system, each high value." This sentence reflects the characteristics of most fake jade in the use of materials: fake jade more choices of some jade, its jade color ancient, more cleft The stone is heavy. Because of its impure texture, color is not correct, the texture is rough, the luster is dull, and it is similar to the unearthed jade. It is deceptive to use the above features ingeniously.
Look at the color: the fake jade is mostly "the tool of heavy eclipse and heavy color". For the jade that is too bright and the corrosion is severely broken, pay more attention to it. The fake color is mostly floating on the table, and the dye is not firmly attached. For example, the soil can be removed by soaking in water; the red dragonfly and the patina can be wiped off with an alcohol cotton ball.
Look at the color shape: the color shape is the distribution of colors. The ancient jade that uses the oil-extracting or dip-dyeing method is often without transitional layers and is distributed in pieces. The method of “opening the window†is used to immerse or coat the surface of the jade, which can achieve partial sputum effect. For jade articles that are faked by this method, the affected part and the untreated part may exhibit a mutated color or texture. In the case of true ancient jade, the exposed part and the untouched part will show a gradual tendency under transmitted light.
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