What is Pei, "Said the text" records: "Hey, hey, can shoot the imperial." That is, Pei said that it has the ability to shoot. In addition, the ancients also believed that Pei said that the wearer has the ability to decide things.
In the Shang Dynasty, there was an early jade, which was in the shape of a cylinder, with a bevel pattern on the outside, and a lateral groove. It has the function of putting a finger on the string and pulling the bow. effect. In the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the jade became short, and the outer band was thickened, becoming a pure jade. By the time of the Han Dynasty, the mysterious aura of Yuxi gradually disappeared, and the original function gradually weakened and evolved into an ornament. By the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Yuxi had evolved into a common jade finger.
According to research, Yuxi has appeared in the Shang Dynasty. In 1976, a tomb was unearthed from the Yin Fortress in Yinxu in the late Shang Dynasty of Anyang, Henan. The crucible is cylindrical, the lower end is flush, the upper end has a slanting opening, and can be inserted into the adult's thumb; the front side is decorated with a double hook line to shape the animal shape, the animal mouth is downward, the elongated eyebrow, the diamond eye, and the ears are backward; For sharp corners, the body extends on both sides and is slightly vertical, the tail is drooping, the short leg is flexed, the foot has three claws, and there are round holes on each side of the animal nose; the lower end of the back is engraved with a groove for accommodating the bowstring . This jade can be used on both the thumb and the hook string.
According to the ancient poems of "The Book of Songs, Wei Feng·Yu Lan": "The branch of the orchids, the boy is Pei. Although it is Pei, can you not know? Rong Rong, the belt is 悸兮. The leaves of the orchids, the boy's son Although Pei, can you not be a? It is speculated that in the Western Zhou Dynasty, this kind of accessories has become popular. However, the sacred objects of the Western Zhou Dynasty have not been discovered so far, but it was found during the Spring and Autumn Period of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty. It can be seen that this kind of peony was quite popular at the time.
During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the basic shape of the jade was round in the upper end, and the cross section of the lower end was chicken-shaped. The animal face and cirrus pattern were mainly decorated, which was quite similar to the Shang Dynasty jade. The difference is that during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the shape of the jade is shorter, the shape is like a ring, the center of the back has a pointed bulge, and one side has a slanted upward stalk-like emboss, but the lobes are decorated with a scallop or beast. Face, but it has become abstract. It can be seen that the scorpion and the Shang Dynasty during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period were very different.
There is also a distinct feature of the jade in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, that is, because the shape is short and can not accommodate the lateral grooves of the bowstring, and the surface is engraved with ornamentation. All of this reflects that the jade can no longer be used with hooks and sleeves on the thumb, just as an ornament worn on the body.
The jade-shaped jade articles of the Han Dynasty were very popular, and the ornamentation was also very varied. In the early Western Han Dynasty, there were mainly two types of jade, one of which retained the characteristics of the Jade-shaped jade in the Eastern Zhou Dynasty. The upper end had a shank-shaped convex body, the body was flat and concave, and the longitudinal section was curved. It is only a few bodies that still retain the concave surface, and most of the body is flat. In addition, the hole in the jade has developed in a small direction, and one side has turned to the center, and the animal face has disappeared. At the same time, the single-line intaglio cirrus pattern has become popular; the body has ear-like embossing on the left and right sides. Diverse, with a deformed cloud and simplified bird shape. In addition, the openwork is also reflected in the jade-shaped jade, and the changes in the body and the hole are caused by the transformation from practical to decorative utensils.
In the middle of the Western Han Dynasty, there were also major changes in the shape of the jade-shaped jade ornaments, mainly due to the more prosperous sides and jade ornaments on the jade, and some of the auspicious animal images carved into the dragon and the phoenix. Compared with the Western Han Dynasty, the jade body in the late Western Han Dynasty became narrow and long, with a small mesopores, or large and elliptical; the embossing and embossing on both sides were more mature than before, and the dragons and phoenixes were more Slim and curved, beautiful and vivid.
In the early Eastern Han Dynasty, the "chicken heart-shaped" body of Yuxi was decorated with embossed ornaments. The upper part was embossed with embossed and rounded enamel. The outer contour was close to the ellipse. The upper end of the chicken heart still had pointed bulges, but the bedding was smashed. Surrounded by the body, it is often overlooked. The hole in the device has become larger and elliptical, which is quite different from the Western Han Dynasty. In the late Eastern Han Dynasty, some of the early features were preserved, but there were also some new factors, such as the long hole in the middle hole and the ribbed edge on the edge of the hole. The hoe of the double cymbal was more prominent, often accompanied by a scorpion. Wrapped phoenix. After the Eastern Han Dynasty, the jade-shaped jade was extremely difficult to see. Occasionally, it was not noticeable, but it was used for a long time. It is said that it was also unearthed in the tomb of Emperor Kangxi in the Qing Dynasty, except for the shape of the Han and Jin Dynasties. In addition, the embossed pattern that floats in the clear waves is very different from the Han and Jin styles.
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